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Emely (: Stephanie :) & Juliana .........
 * __Incas Before and After Contact__ **

<--Inca Civilization

Before : **//__Where did the Incas live?__//** The Inca empire expanded around Peru. It also covered parts of current Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. It ran all the way up and down the Andes Mountains, which was a total of about 3,400 miles. Their capital city was the highland city of Cuzco. Some Incas also lived on the remote island of Taquile. "It covered the dry desert land along the coast of the Pacific Ocean to the Amazon rain forests on the Andes's eastern slopes." Somervill, Barbara A. //Francisco Pizarro: Conqueror of the Incas//. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point, 2005. Print. **//__When did they live there?__//** Sometime around 1100 AD the settled in Cuzco. As they settled, they began to dominate other kingdoms that were nearby. The Conquerors led by Pizarro abruptly ended the ruling of the Incas in 1532 AD. Machu Picchu is an important place that saves some of what the Incas lived in. You can go there today. It is located at the bottom of Peru.

Wiki. (2010). //Wiki the Q & A//. Retrieved May 9, 2011, from Wiki Answers: www.wiki.answers.com/When_did_the_Incas_live **__//What was important in their culture? (Religion or Ar//____//t)//__**  Inca Religion and Art was combined. They had drawings of their Gods which was a form of combination. The Incas were a polytheistic groups that had many Gods but one main God that was supposed to be worshiped by everyone. This god was the sun god, Inti. Gold was said to be the sweat of the sun. " Inca religion was rich with nature worship and festivals. In fact, festivals were held every month. With so many deities, it was only natural that divination was an important part of Inca religion. The Inca felt it was necessary to find out what the gods wanted in order to appease them."

History, A. P. (2008-2011). //Inca Religion//. Retrieved May 9, 2011, from Inca Peru History and Travel: [] Gorrell, Gena K., and Andrej Krystoforski. //In the Land of the Jaguar: South America and Its People//. Toronto: Tundra, 2007. Print. **//__How was their government organized? (include the military)__//**  The Inca were a powerful nation that was able to bypass the other kingdoms that were around when they began to rule. Their strength was immense. There were four Apos. These four Apos led the four quarters. The four quarters were made each made up of several provinces which were run by certain officials. " The system was hierarchical and administered by a well-developed bureaucracy that collected tribute and distributed it." The population was divided into leaders for certain numbers of families. The leader of a group of 10 families would report to a the higher leader of 50 families, and he would go report to the leader of 100 families, and so on. The Sapa Inca was the highest chief in the Inca civilization. He was the commander in chief of the military, and his army wouldn't do anything without his orders. In the Sapa Inca's army were generals, captains, lieutenants, and lots of soldiers.

Diary, P. T. (n.d.). //Machupicchu Inca//. Retrieved May 9, 2011, from Inca Government System: [] Somervill, Barbara A. //Francisco Pizarro: Conqueror of the Incas//. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point, 2005. Print. **//__How Did Most People Live??__//** Most people lived as farmers or miners, but some people were clerks. They were in charge of keeping track of population, food storage, and finances using different colored knotted strings called quipus. The different colored strings meant different things, and the knots represented ones, tens, or hundreds. The Incas were also incredible goldsmiths. "Birds of gold perched in the trees of the emperor's garden, with golden mice poised below." The Incas all knew how their life would be planned out. They were born into their profession, so if their father was an artist, they would be an artist too.

Gorrell, Gena K., and Andrej Krystoforski. //In the Land of the Jaguar: South America and Its People//. Toronto: Tundra, 2007. Print. Somervill, Barbara A. //Francisco Pizarro: Conqueror of the Incas//. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point, 2005. Print.

After ﻿: __//**When did European contact happen?**//__

Pizzaro interacted with the Incas around 1531 CE. Pizzaro was a Spanish explorer. He captured Atahualpa for ransom as part of his plan to take over the Incas in 1532.

Martin, Phillip. "The Incas for Kids - Timeline of the Inca Empire." //The Incredible Incas for Kids//. Social Studies School Service, 2011. Web. 04 May 2011. < [] >. Gorrell, Gena K., and Andrej Krystoforski. //In the Land of the Jaguar: South America and Its People//. Toronto: Tundra, 2007. Print. // **__What do we know about the first encounter with Europeans?__** //

When Pizzaro arrived, he captured the ruler, Atahualpa. The Incas paid a whole roomful of gold and two rooms of silver for his return. The Spanish accepted the deal. After he was released, the Spanish ended up killing him.

Martin, Phillip. "The Incas for Kids - Timeline of the Inca Empire." //The Incredible Incas for Kids//. Social Studies School Service, 2011. Web. 04 May 2011. < [] >.

**//__Did they resist or welcome the Europeans?__//**

At first, the Incas welcomed the new foreign people. "The natives found the Spaniards strange because they grew hair on their faces, which native people could not do. The Spanish custom of covering their bodies from head to toe in clothing amused the Inca people." After a while, they realized that the only reason the explorers came was because they wanted gold and silver. When Pizzaro captured Atahualpa, they decided to rebel and drive the Spaniards out of their land. Gorrell, Gena K., and Andrej Krystoforski. //In the Land of the Jaguar: South America and Its People//. Toronto: Tundra, 2007. Print.

**//__How did European contact change the society within 10 years/within 100 years?__//**

They killed the ruler of the Incas within 10 years, and within 100 years, the empire had completely fallen apart.

Martin, Phillip. "The Incas for Kids - Timeline of the Inca Empire." //The Incredible Incas for Kids//. Social Studies School Service, 2011. Web. 04 May 2011. < [] >.

__//**Where are these people today? What remains of this culture?**//__

Some Incan descendants still live today, except there are very few left. They mainly live in Peru in South America. They also live on the remote Peruvian island of Taquile, the middle of the great lake Titicaca. The remains of this culture is that they still weave brilliantly colored cloth, they speak the traditional language of the Inca, and tend their fields as they have for centuries. On their festival days they gather in the plaza to dance to the sound of wooden pipes and drums. Another big remain is the Machu Picchu.

Adams, Simon. //Exploration And Discovery//. New York: Lorenz, 2000. 28-29. Print.

Martin, Phillip. "The Incas for Kids - Timeline of the Inca Empire." //The Incredible Incas for Kids//. Social Studies School Service, 2011. Web. 04 May 2011. <[]>.

Pringle, Heather. "Lofty Ambitions of the Inca." //Lofty Ambitions of the Inca//. Chachapyas: National Geographic, 2011. 34+. Print

The Inca Empire Expanded As Much As Ruling All Of Chile, Almost Half Of Peru, Part Of Equador, Bolivia, And Argentina.

This is the Machu Picchu. This is where the Incan people founded and lived in. [|http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fibcool.com/images] [|/7w/incan.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fibcool.com/cheap-flights][|/the-new-seven-wonders-of-the-world/&usg=_][|_]  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 60%;">[|CLW2q6vfRBLIHKWoeOXgDBRWlzs=&h=600&w=450&sz=84&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=8JLswOvW07pkM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=95&ei=WlfITZLVOIWEtgfPps2mBA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dincan%26um%]   <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D699%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=] <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 9px;">[|1&iact=rc&dur=236&page=1&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=46&ty=91]



These people are the Incan women, with their llamas and their babies. The Incan people grew potatoes, then the Spanish imported the potatoes to everyone else in the world.

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